David Fraser Charnley (10 October 1935 – 3 March 2012) was born in Dartford. He was a lightweight boxer, considered to be one of the greatest British fighters in his weight class. Known as "The Dartford Destroyer", Charnley had a 10-year professional career lasting from 1954 to 1964. There is information about his life on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Charnley.
The plaque shown below was recently attached to the Scout Hall in Little Queen Street, Dartford.
There is an inscription on the outside of Dartford Library which records that A W Smale opened the building in 1916.
This prompted me to find out more about A W Smale. I discovered that he was born, married and died in Dartford, did not come from a wealthy family, ran a successful bakery business in Lowfield Street, had retired by the age of 42 and was active in local government in Dartford for over 40 years.
Arthur William Smale was born 14 April 1858 in Dartford. His birth was registered as Arthur Smale (with no middle name). He was a child of Richard Smale and his wife Hannah Maria nee Colyer who married in 1849 in the City of London.
Richard Smale (aged 39, a carpenter, born in Sutton at Hone) and his family were living in Lowfield Street, Dartford in 1861. The census also lists his wife Hannah (34, born in Rochester) and children (all born in Dartford) Emma (10), Frederick (9), Harry (6), Anne (4), Arthur (2) and Eliza (1). In 1871, Richard is shown as carrier, carpenter and builder.
The 1881 census shows Richard Smale (aged 59, a carrier) and his wife Hannah Maria (54) living at 42 Lowfield Street, Dartford. With them were their children Arthur William (22, a baker), Rosina (19, assistant in baker’s shop), Clara (14), Leonard (11) and Edith (8). Arthur seems to have had 9 siblings in total.
Hannah Maria died in 1884 and Richard in 1891. Both are buried in East Hill Cemetery, Dartford. Their gravestone inscription reads:
“In affectionate remembrance / of / HANNAH MARIA SMALE, / the beloved wife of / RICHARD SMALE, / who departed this life July 6th 1884 / aged 57 years. / 'I may go to her, but she will not return to me' / Also of the above named / RICHARD SMALE / who died 20th September 1891 / aged 70 years.”
Arthur married Caroline Mary Ann French in 1883 in Dartford. He was aged 25, she was 28 (born in 1855 in Holborn, London). They had 4 children, all born in Dartford. Chrissie Alice was born in 1889 but died after 3 days, Herbert Arthur was born in 1891, Florence Louise and Cecil Ernest were born in 1892 but Cecil died after 4 weeks. Chrissie and Cecil are buried in East Hill Cemetery. Their gravestone is inscribed:
“In / loving memory / of / dear little / "CHRISSIE" / Safe in the arms of Jesus / Also / CECIL ERNEST / brother of the above / Not lost but gone before.”
In 1891, Arthur (aged 32, a baker) was living at 177 Lowfield Street, Dartford with his wife Caroline (34) and mother-in-law Hannah Eliza French (74). The 1891 Kelly’s Directory for Dartford lists Arthur William Smale as a baker and confectioner at 177 Lowfield Street.
When the grocery chain Penney, Son and Parker Ltd was floated in 1900, Arthur was named as one of the directors of the new company. A newspaper item setting out the terms of the flotation contained the following:
By 1901, Arthur had moved to “Erbistock” 28 Miskin Road, Dartford. The census shows Arthur, aged 42, as a retired baker, living with his wife Carrie (44), son Herbert (9), daughter Florence (8) and a general servant. Many of the most affluent people in Dartford lived in Miskin Road. Arthur’s bakery business must have done well.
The 1911 census shows Arthur (52, a retired baker), Caroline (56), Herbert (19, a shipping clerk), Florence (18) and a domestic servant living at “Erbistock”, 28 Miskin Road, Dartford. The house had 7 rooms.
Darford’s Urban District Council was formed in 1894, with 15 elected members. Bank House (now vacant, next to the Iceland shop in Dartford High Street) was purchased for use as Council Offices in 1903 and a Council Chamber was added to the rear in 1911. Arthur was an elected member of the Council in 1900 and was Chairman from 1915 to 1917. The Urban District Council was replaced with Dartford Borough Council in 1933, when Arthur was one of 18 people elected to it. Town councillors were not paid for their local government work.
Military Service Tribunals were bodies formed by borough, urban district and rural district councils to hear applications for exemption from conscription, introduced in 1916, into the British Army during the First World War. Men could apply on the grounds of doing work of national importance, business or domestic hardship, medical unfitness, or conscientious objection. A very large number of men applied - 748,587 by the end of June 1916. Arthur was chairman of the Dartford Urban Tribunal. There was criticism of its performance and he felt obliged to resign, as described in the newspaper article (from the Kent Messenger and Gravesend Telegraph of 12 May 1917) below. Making tribunal judgements must have been difficult and it was inevitable that some people would be unhappy with the outcomes.
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Both of Arthur's children got married in 1918. Herbert married Mary Dorothy Webb in Hackney, Florence married Horace Frederick White in Dartford.
The 1921 census shows Arthur (63, a retired baker), Caroline (66) and a domestic servant at 28 Miskin Road, Dartford.
Caroline Smale (Arthur’s wife) died in 1930 aged 75. Arthur married Elizabeth Jane Maynard Tanner (nee Kethro) in 1932 in Dartford. He was aged 74, she was 65, born 1866 in Bristol. She had married William George Tanner in 1890 and become a widow when he died in 1923. The 1937 Electoral Register shows that Elizabeth’s daughter Olive Daisy Winifred Tanner (born 1891) was living with Arthur and Elizabeth at 28 Miskin Road.
Arthur died peacefully on 7 August 1938 at his home, 28 Miskin Road. The Kentish Times (12 August 1938) published an obituary to him. It called him “a man who has served the town well”. He was a town councillor for over 40 years. Arthur had been on various governing bodies relating to education in Dartford and had been on the West Kent Sewerage Board since 1899. He was blunt and outspoken but his word was his bond and he was “straight as a die”. He attended Spital Street Church and was a loyal and fervent Methodist.
Arthur was buried in East Hill Cemetery in the same grave as his first wife. The headstone is inscribed
“Peace / In loving memory of / CARRIE, / the beloved wife of A. W. SMALE, / who was called home 19th Oct 1930, / aged 75 years. / 'There is sweet rest in Heaven' / Also of / ARTHUR WILLIAM SMALE, / who entered into rest 7th August 1938 / aged 80 years. / Father in thy gracious keeping / leave we now thy servants sleeping.”
The grave of Caroline and Arthur Smale
Probate on Arthur’s estate was granted to Herbert Arthur Smale, steamship company clerk, and Frank Wells, estimating engineer. The value of the estate was £10,471 18s 8d. This equivalent to about £2,220,000 in 2023 (calculated relative to average earnings).
Elizabeth (Arthur's second wife) died in Dartford aged 85 in 1952 and is buried in Bexleyheath Cemetery in the same grave as her first husband. Arthur's daughter Florence died in 1944 aged 51, his son Herbert in 1961 aged 70.
Alfred Smith is buried in East Hill Cemetery, Dartford. Cemetery records say that his body was found in the river, so I decided to look for more information about his death in the British Newspaper Archive. I found the following article in the Bexley Heath and Bexley Observer, Friday 28 November 1913.
A TRAGIC SEQUEL TO A RECENT PROSECUTION
INQUEST AT ERITH ON
DARTFORD MAN
Within a short time of the Grand Jury at Maidstone throwing
out the bill in the case of the alleged robberies from Hall's foundry at
Dartford, the District Coroner (Mr. H. B. Sewell) conducted an inquest at the
West Street Schools, Erith on the body of one of those who had figured in the
case. Alfred Smith (aged 54 years), of 14, Priory Road, Dartford, was charged
with receiving goods alleged to have been stolen, and, with the two others
concerned, was last week committed for trial at the Assizes. However, on Friday
morning his body was taken from the River Cray.
The Evidence
The first witness at the inquest was Alfred William Smith,
son of deceased. He lives at 73, Ann of Cleeves Road, Dartford, and is an
electrical engineer. He stated that his father had had a charge preferred
against him recently for receiving some metal fittings, and was committed the
previous Monday to take his trial. He was out on bail, and he was very much
upset. Witness saw him after his committal. He did not go to work again,
although it was not a serious case, as the bail was only £5. He took it very
much to heart, as it was the first time he had ever been in such position. He seemed
to brood over the matter, and went to see witness the previous Thursday. He appeared
to be better then. He returned to his home, and left again about seven o'clock
in the evening, having previously had an interview with his solicitor. He appeared
to be very depressed, and when he left the house his wife did not know where he
was going or when he was expected back. Witness did not know that deceased had
not returned until half-past four the following morning, when he searched for
him. Witness subsequently heard that the body had been found in the river Cray,
about a mile or a mile and a half from his home. It was a favourite walk of
deceased's. He never talked of suicide, and left no message or memorandum.
William Cuthbertson, 14, Priory Road, Dartford, block
printer, said that he had lived in deceased's house for eleven years. He was
terribly upset by the charge against him of receiving some fittings from Hall's
foundry. Witness last saw him alive in his own house at seven o'clock on the
Thursday evening, when he was in a most depressed condition. When he left the
house he did not say where he was going, and as he did not return, enquiries
were made, and the body was found about nine o'clock the next morning.
Frederick Liddiard, labourer, of 2, Saw Mills Cottages,
Crayford. said he was on his way back from breakfast on Friday morning when a
lad called his attention to a body in the water. It was in a standing position,
with the head slightly bent forward. There was a large amount of mud at the
bottom of the river, and be thought deceased must have got in up to his knees.
With assistance the body was taken from the water, which covered the head
almost to the crown. It would be quite easy for anyone to walk into the water
from the bank, but there was a wire fence to be got over.
P.C. Thomas Hamlin, 90 RR, who received the body, took it to
the mortuary at Crayford, and on searching the clothing found a silver watch,
stopped at five minutes past eight, a metal chain and a number of other
articles, but no money or anything to disclose his identity. Dr Richard Davis
Stacy, who was called to examine the body, found no marks of violence, and
death, due to drowning, had ensued about 12 hours.
The Coroner said it was clearly a case of suicide, and the
Jury returned a verdict of “Suicide whilst temporarily mentally deranged."
Alfred is buried in grave 3579 in East Hill Cemetery. Cemetery
records say that he was a plumber and hot water fitter. The grave is inscribed
“In memory of ALFRED SMITH, who died 21st Nov 1913, aged 54
years / Also FANNY ALLEN, who died 12th April 1929, aged 74 years / Also MARY
ELIZABETH SMITH / who died 29th March 1943 / aged 82 years / 'At rest'”
Mary Elizabeth Smith was Alfred’s wife. Fanny Allen was her
sister.
Entries in the 1921 census can now be accessed for free at www.findmypast.co.uk on the computer terminals at Dartford Library. I have found the entries for several of the people (such as Thomas Edward Tiffin and Ernest Christopher Youens) whose lives are described in this blog and added the information to the items about them.
I believe that you can get free access to the 1921 census from a computer terminal at any public library in Kent.
You can search names in the 1921 census from home for free at https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-records/1921-census-of-england-and-wales but you have to pay to access the census records.
The company that became J&E Hall Ltd was founded in 1785 as an iron works in Dartford. It later became an engineering company that had its main manufacturing site in Hythe Street, Dartford, where the Prospect Place retail park now is. J&E Hall was a major employer in the town over many years. There is an article about the history of the company on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_%26_E_Hall.
J&E Hall had a sports ground (now closed) for its staff,
with an entrance in Darenth Road in South Dartford. The Princes Park Stadium
(used by Dartford Football Club) was built on this land.
I have been given a box of photos from the 1950s and 1960s, showing J&E Hall staff in various settings and activities. Here are two of the photos:
The Hythe Street entrance to the main manufacturing site in Dartford
The J&E Hall cricket team.
If you can identify anyone in the above photo, please let me know (on PhilT42LQS@Yahoo.co.uk).
There is an item on this blog about the life of Samuel Charles Umfreville (1820-94), who lived at Ingress Abbey, built by James Harmer (1777-1853) in Greenhithe, North Kent. My article was read by Michael Harmer, who has an interest in Harmer family history. He has emailed me with some information about what happened to the contents of Ingress Abbey after Samuel Charles Umfreville’s death.
When Samuel died, the Umfreville family leased Ingress Abbey
to Holder Bros before eventually selling it. The family however kept the
contents and these eventually ended up with his grand-daughter Phyllis Annora
Umfreville (1896-1970), the only child of his eldest son Samuel Charles (1863-1937)
and his wife Beatrice Lucy nee Brumell. Phyllis was a spinster who died 3 June
1970 at Yeaton Hall, Walford Heath, Baschurch, near Shrewsbury. Her executors
auctioned her possessions through C E Williams & Co of Oswestry. The
auction was held in the grounds of Yeaton Hall on the 15 and 16 October 1970,
it consisted of 800 lots. The catalogue’s general information states "Much
of the furniture at Yeaton Hall was originally in the possession of the
Umfreville family at Ingress Abbey, Greenhithe, Kent and was specially made for
the late Miss Umfreville's great grand-father in the early 1800's from timber
grown on the estate....."
One particular lot (170), a set of chairs, has been resold
several times and in November 2006 it was sold by Christies the Lot Provenance
reads - "Supplied to Alderman James Harmer, for Ingress Abbey, Greenhithe,
Kent. By descent to the Umfreville family (who sold the house in 1906).
.........."
Lot Notes "The dining chairs, designed in the Gothic
manner promoted by George Smith's ‘The Cabinet Maker and Upholsterer's Guide,
1826' were commissioned by Alderman James Harmer (b. 1777) following his
purchase of Ingress Abbey, Kent in 1820 and its aggrandisement in the 'Gothic
Elizabethan' manner under the direction of the architect Charles Moreing. The
chairs were executed by Henry Stidolph who is recorded at Dartford, Kent
between 1824 and 1839......."
The catalogue also includes a photo of two of the chairs.
I received a request for a photo of Elizabeth’s grave in East Hill Cemetery, Dartford. This led me to look up her burial in the cemetery records, where I found that she died at Dartford Railway Station. I looked at copies of The Dartford Chronicle (stored on microfilm at Dartford Library), to see whether I could find out more. This is what I discovered about her life and unfortunate death.
Elizabeth Mary Ann Clarke was born in 1864 in Stotfold, Bedfordshire. The 1891 census shows her as a housekeeper, living at 497 Kings Road, Chelsea with her brother Thomas W Clarke (aged 27, an accountant’s clerk) and two lodgers.
Elizabeth married Arthur Adkins, aged 29, a carpenter, at St John’s Church, Chelsea on May 30th 1892. She is shown as aged 28, a spinster, with her father being William Clarke, a baker.
Arthur and Elizabeth seem to have moved to Ashwell in Hertfordshire after their marriage, as this is where their first three children were born. They were Thomas William (born 1893), Lilian Cecilia (born 1894) and Audrey Muriel (born 1896). Arthur was also born in Ashwell, which is only 5 miles from Stotfold. The family moved to Dartford in about 1897, where their other two children were born. They were May Olivia (born 1898) and Herbert George (born 1906).
The 1901 census shows the family living at 99 New Colney Road, Dartford. Arthur is shown as a carpenter. New Colney Road is in the Newtown area of East Dartford. A lot of the houses in Newtown were built between 1880 and 1910, which was developed to accommodate Dartford’s rising population at this time. The streets were relatively wide and the properties were generally better than those in central Dartford, where there were health problems associated with poor sanitation.
In 1911 the family were living at 113 Colney Road, Dartford. The household consisted of Arthur Adkins (aged 50, a carpenter), his wife Elizabeth (47) with their children Thomas (17, a clerk), Lilian (16, a dressmaker), Audrey (14, a milliner), May (12, at school) and Herbert (4). The census return says that the family were living in 5 rooms.
The following item was published in The Dartford Chronicle dated Oct 1st 1915.
"Passengers and officials at Dartford Railway Station on Saturday morning were horrified to see a woman, who attempted to enter a carriage of a train in motion, crushed to death between the train and the footway, in the presence of her little son, who was accompanying her to London for the day.
The train was that which leaves Dartford at 7.03 am, and the last by which cheap tickets are available, and is accordingly very popular and always well filled. The train was stopped immediately, and the unfortunate woman was got on to the platform but life was extinct. The body was badly crushed. She was identified as Mrs Elizabeth Mary Ann Adkins of 113 Colney Road, Dartford."
The item goes on to record evidence given at the inquest.
“The bereaved husband, Mr Arthur Adkins, carpenter, said
he saw his wife a few minutes before the accident, at the foot of East Hill.”
A witness at the station testified that Mrs Adkins was seen running towards the train and called to her son “Come on sonnie, we’ll catch it.”
The son of Mrs Adkins was Herbert George Adkins, who was aged 9. He must have been traumatised by what happened.
Arthur Adkins died on 11 March 1935 aged 74. He was buried in the same grave as his wife. It is marked with kerbstones, although these have partly sunk into the ground. The inscription reads :
“In memory of ARTHUR ADKINS passed over 11th March 1935
aged 74 / Also ELIZABETH his wife passed over 5th September 1915, aged 52.”
(The date of Elizabeth’s death was actually 25th September 1915)
The grave of
Elizabeth Adkins
Probate records show that the value of Arthur’s estate was £277 5s (equivalent to about £60,000 now) and that the administrator was Thomas William Adkins (his eldest son), a carpenter and joiner.
Thomas Edward Tiffin was Dartford Town Surveyor for 31 years. During this time he was responsible for several important building projects, including Dartford Library, which he designed.
Thomas was born on November 5th 1868 in Sunderland, the second of five children (four boys and one girl) born to William Johnson Tiffin and his wife Margaret Ann Tiffin. The 1871 census shows William (aged 31, an accountant), Margaret (24), William (3), Thomas (2) and Arthur (9 months) Tiffin plus a servant living at 18 Shakespeare Terrace, Bishop Wearmouth, Sunderland.
Sadly, Thomas’s mother died aged 28 in 1875 (when he was 6) and his father died aged 40 in 1880. In the 1881 census, Thomas is listed as a boarder, aged 12, at North Side School, Staindrop, Teesdale, County Durham. Thomas’s siblings Arthur (10), John (9) and Ada (7) are shown living with their grandparents Thomas (80, a ship owner) and Mary (77) Tiffin, their unmarried aunt Sarah Tiffin (47) and a servant at 7 Park Place West, Sunderland. Both grandparents died in 1884.
Thomas became a civil engineer. This was his occupation listed in the
1891 census. By then he was a lodger, aged 22, at 9 Foyle St, Sunderland. He
married Evelina Turner in 1894 in Sunderland. Thomas was 25 and she was 23.
They went on to have seven children, namely Evelyn May (b 1896), Ada Marjorie
(b1898), Thomas Edward (b1900), Henrietta Kathleen (b1903), Annie Marguerite
Winsome (b1905), Alice Joyce (b1909) and Gordon Mervyn (b1913).
(a
more detailed family tree may be found in the “tiffin42” database on RootsWeb’s
WorldConnect Project website)
The family moved to West Hartlepool around 1897, where they were living in York Road South in 1901. The census that year shows their household as Thomas (32, a civil engineer and surveyor), Evelina (30), Evelyn (4), Ada (2), Thomas (10 months), a nurse and a general servant.
In 1903, Thomas was appointed Surveyor and Engineer to the Dartford Urban District Council1. Apparently his previous employer asked him to return to his old post soon after his arrival in Dartford. He considered doing so, but was persuaded to stay by an increase in his salary.2
Henrietta, Thomas’s fourth child, died in 1907 aged 4 years 10 months and was buried in East Hill Cemetery. The cemetery records show the address of the family as 27 Summerhill Road, Dartford. Thomas was still living there when he died, although the houses were renumbered in 1937 and the address became 20 Summerhill Road. The house still exists, it is a modest semi-detached property.
Thomas was responsible for public building works in the town. For example, Bank House (now empty and next to the Iceland shop) in Dartford High Street was acquired by the Council in 1909. He was responsible for adapting the building for use as Council Offices and (in 1910) adding a room that was used as the Council Chamber.
The 1911 census shows Thomas (42), Eveline (14), Ada (12), Thomas (10),
Annie (5) and Alice (1) plus a domestic servant living at 27 Summerhill Road
(which had eight rooms).
Thomas and Evelina’s daughter Ada married Richard Rowbotham in 1920. The 1921 census shows Thomas, aged 52, a surveyor employed by Dartford Urban District Council, living at 27 Summerhill Road, Dartford. With him were his wife Evelina (50) and his children Evelyn (24), Annie (15), Alice (12) and Gordon (7) as well as a general domestic servant.
The eldest son of Thomas and Evelina, namely Thomas, was a 2nd Lieutenant in the RAF in 1917. After the war, he worked in East Africa from 1919 to 1928 and in Sierra Leone from 1929 to 1932 as a railway engineer. He returned to Dartford in November 1932, went to visit some friends in Sunderland where he became ill and died of pneumonia in December 1932, aged 32 (unmarried)3.
Annie Tiffin married Frank Byerley in 1937. Frank was a flying officer in the Royal Air Service Volunteer Reserve. He died in 1940 aged 39, failing to return from a flying mission during the Second World War. Alice Tiffin married Claude Penny in 1938 and Gordon Tiffin married Margaret Mugeridge in 1940.
The 1939 Register shows Thomas E Tiffin born 5 Nov 1868, a retired civil engineer and Eveline Tiffin born 6 Aug 1870 living in the village of Willsbridge, Gloucestershire (between Bristol and Bath). Perhaps they had moved away from Dartford to avoid the expected German bombing.
Thomas returned to Dartford and lived there until his death in 1952 aged 83. He died at 20 Summerhill Road, his home. Thomas's wife died five years later in 1957 aged 87. They are buried in East Hill Cemetery.
The gravestones are inscribed as follows :
Kerbstones
In loving memory of / HENRIETTA KATHLEEN dearly beloved
daughter of EVELINA & THOMAS EDWARD TIFFIN / who died 27th Sep
1907 aged 4 years 10 months / THOMAS EDWARD TIFFIN, died Dec 5th
1932, aged 32 years
Headstone
T.E.TIFFIN A.M.I.C.E. / 3rd June 1952 / EVELINE
TIFFIN / 10th December 1957.
(A.M.I.C.E. stands for Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.)
Probate on Thomas’s estate of £993 (equivalent to about £65,000 now4) was granted to his widow Eveline.
Philip Taylor
Clement Thomas Youens was an elder brother of Ernest Christopher Youens (1856-1933), whose life is described in an item on this blog. This article about Clement contains information and photos from Christopher, a great grandson of Ernest. Christopher inherited diaries written by Ralph Youens (a brother of Clement) and other Youens family papers. He has donated most of this material to Kent Archives.
Clement was born on October 31st 1852 in Dartford, the seventh of ten children (two girls and eight boys) born to William and Caroline Youens, who married in 1837 and moved to Dartford in about 1845. Their children were Caroline (1839-1919), Ralph (1841-1910), Frank (1844-1910), Jesse (1846-1920), William (1848-1930), Albert Frederick (1850-1931), Clement Thomas (1852-1919), Agnes Maud (1855-1855), Ernest Christopher (1856-1933) and Urban Percival John (1859-1927). William Youens was a basket maker who was born in Fulham, a son of Thomas Youens, also a basket maker. His wife Caroline nee Eves, was born in Chatham.
William Youens, Clement’s father established a business as a basket maker in Dartford. This business became William Youens and Sons and later, Youens Brothers. Not all the sons were involved. In 1858, the eldest child, Caroline (aged 19), with the second and third sons, Frank (14) and Jesse (12), emigrated to Texas with their grandfather, Thomas Youens, who went to live with his daughters who were established there. The eldest son, Ralph did not go. He was slightly handicapped by deafness.
By 1859, William and his family had moved to Tower Cottage. This was a house that William built with his own hands. It was designed in an unusual style that incorporated some architectural features of a church. The road that it was in was later named Tower Road after the cottage. In 1861, the family living in Tower Cottage consisted of William Youens (47, a basket maker), his wife Caroline (44) and their children Ralph (19), William (12), Albert (10), Clement (8), Ernest (4) and Urban (1).
William Youens (Clement’s brother) married Ellen Elizabeth Bignall in 1874 and went to Texas later that year with Clement. They travelled on the Steamship “State of Minnesota” from Liverpool to New Orleans, arriving on 21 December 1874. The passenger list shows William (26, a carpenter), Ellen (18, William’s wife) and Clement (22, a carpenter) travelling intermediate class. Clement returned to England in 1879. This is the date of his illustrated diary (in Kent Archives) describing his voyage from Galveston to Liverpool. In it, he records that he prefers to travel by sail, rather than on a steamer.
Clement c 1890
Clement was a gifted artist and painted many pictures of local scenes and other places (such as in Texas). He also painted several pictures of birds and at least two portraits. As far as we know, he never had any formal artistic training but he moved in artistic circles and knew the noted English Impressionist artist Dorothea Sharp (1874-1955), who was born in Dartford. He sold some of his paintings and did artistic work on commission. Examples of Clement’s paintings (dated from 1884 to 1900) are held at Dartford museum and can be viewed at http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/artists/clement-t-youens.
The River Cray
near Crayford by Clement T Youens.
The painting above is 14 by 10 inches, painted in oil on artists’ card. Many of Clement’s paintings are 14 x 10, but some are considerably larger and some are miniatures. He used watercolour as well as oil, painted on canvas and wood as well as artists’ card and branched into other decorative arts such as painting over photographs and decorating mirrors.
In 1891, Caroline Youens (73) was living at Tower Cottage, 15 Tower Road with her unmarried sons Ralph (49), Albert (40), Clement (38), and Urban (31). Ralph and Clement were basket makers. Albert and Urban were both described as “artist in natural flowers”. Clement made another journey to Texas, returning in June 1894. Caroline Youens died in August 1894 aged 76.
Standing from left: Clement, Ernest, Albert, Urban Youens. Seated from left:
Ralph, Caroline, Harold, Marion, Kate Youens (Ernest’s children and wife) c 1894.
The 1901 census shows Clement (aged 48, a basket and picture frame maker) and his brother Ralph (aged 60, a basket maker) living at 15 Tower Road, Dartford. Later that year Clement married Kathleen Annie Redsell. He was aged 49, she was aged 29, a daughter of John and Emma Redsell of Stoneham Farm near Dartford. Clement met Kathleen when painting a picture of the farm. After their marriage they lived at “Rockleigh”, 30 Tower Road and had daughters Marjorie Kathleen in 1904 and Olive Brenda in 1906.
Throughout her life, Caroline maintained harmony between
her sons. She was a good woman of strong character and will. But, after her
passing, harmony broke down. Albert and Urban retired from service, returned to
live in Tower Cottage and established their floral art business. A coolness
developed between them and Ralph which turned into open hostility. They appear
to have occupied most of the house, restricting Ralph to his bedroom and
workshop. Albert and Ralph were very different people. Ralph was quiet, shy,
humble and rather bumbling. Albert was quick witted, quick tempered,
aristocratic and, as a butler, used to being obeyed. He did not suffer fools
gladly and probably regarded Ralph as such. Urban was devoted to Albert and
followed wherever he led. There could, too, have been competition for space as
the growing and successful floral art business encroached on the areas reserved
for basket making. Clement became Ralph’s mainstay. Although Ralph slept and
worked in Tower Cottage, he really lived in Rockleigh, going there for meals, friendship
and comfort.
In the first decade of the twentieth century, whilst the floral art business and Ernest’s photography business were becoming increasingly successful, the basket-making business was declining. Ralph was often idle for want of orders. Income became less and left both him and Clement in financial difficulties. Clement and Kathleen eased their problems by taking in a lodger. Jesse, economically the most successful of the brothers, appears to have subsidised them by sending large financial gifts at Christmas. Perhaps Clement devoted a little too much time to artistic pursuits and not enough to understanding basic business skills! As well as loving the visual arts, he was a keen singer who belonged to Chapel and secular choirs.
Clement shared the Liberal political views of his brothers. There are records of his wife working on the Ladies’ committee to support the Liberal candidate at election times. Clement was a regular worshipper at the Congregational Church and participated in many of its events and activities.
Ralph died in 1910. The 1911 census shows Clement (59, a basket and picture frame maker), Kathleen (38), Marjorie (7) and Olive (4), plus a lodger living at 30 Tower Road, Dartford.
Clement with his
wife and daughters c 1910
Clement died on May 24th 1919 aged 66. He is buried in East Hill Cemetery. Burial records say that he died at 30 Tower Road (his home address) and give his occupation as picture frame maker and artist. The burial service was conducted by a minister of the Congregational Church.
His gravestone is inscribed:
In / loving memory / of / WILLIAM YOUENS / died June 14, 1870 / Also of RALPH YOUENS / eldest son of above / born May 7, 1841 died Nov 30 1910 / “A life that all the muses decked / with gifts of grace that might express / all comprehensive tenderness / all subtilising intellect.” / Also CLEMENT THOMAS YOUENS / born Oct 31st 1852, died May 24th 1919 / Also KATHLEEN ANNIE / wife of the above / CLEMENT THOMAS YOUENS / born May 13th 1872, died Nov 23rd 1933.
Clement’s
gravestone in East Hill Cemetery, Dartford.
The quotation is from Tennyson’s poem In Memoriam. The adjacent grave is that of Clement’s mother (Caroline) and his brothers Albert and Urban. Nearby is the grave of his brother Ernest. Cemetery records show that William Youens (Clement’s father) is actually buried in another grave (which is unmarked) in the cemetery.
Probate records show that Clement left an estate valued at £352 (equivalent to about £60,000 now). Kathleen (his widow) was the executor of his will.
The 1921 census shows Kathleen Annie Youens, aged 49, still living at 30 Tower Road, Dartford, with her daughters Marjorie (17) and Olive (15) as well as her mother Emma Redsell (74).
Kathleen died on 23 November 1933 aged 61 in Dartford. She was cremated in Lambeth.
Clement’s daughters later moved to a house that Marjorie
designed at 29 Devonshire Avenue, Dartford. Marjorie died in 1956 aged 52,
Olive in 1993 aged 87. Neither married or had children.
Richard Sanham was born in Dartford in 1815. He was the fifth of eleven children (two boys and nine girls) born to James and Martha Sanham. James Sanham was a builder who died in December 1831, aged 49. He was buried1 in what was then Dartford’s burial ground and is now called St Edmund’s Pleasance.
The 1838 Tithe List shows James Sanham (Richard’s elder brother) as the owner of “2 Houses, 11 Cottages, Carpenters Shop, Yards, and Buildings formerly Bucks Malthouse”. These were properties in St James Place, which contained a row of ten houses on the north side of Spital Street, at right angles to it, starting next to the Royal Oak Inn. Only the house adjacent to the Royal Oak survives – with a sign that says “St James Place” on its side. The rest of the houses no longer exist and new houses have been built where they were.
1911 map showing the location of St James Place
Notice announcing Constable appointments in 1850
In 1851, the family consisted of Martha (60), James (40), Richard (36) and Rosetta (22) at 10 St James Place, Spital Street. Martha’s occupation is given as “proprietor of houses.” James and Richard are described as builders employing 10 men. There are properties listed with the address “Sanham’s Yard” immediately after 10 St James Place in the 1851 census. This is where the Sanham building business operated from.
Richard’s brother James died in 1855 aged 44, leaving Richard as the only surviving male in the family. His sister Jane, who had married William Macrorie, died in 1859 aged 40.
In 1861, Martha (76, a house proprietor) was living in Spital Street with Richard (46, a builder employing 9 men), Rosetta (30) and Eliza (28) Sanham. The house number is not given, but it was listed next to 10 St James Place. By 1871 Martha (88, income from rent), Richard (55, a builder employing 6 men), Rosetta (38) and Eliza (36) were living at 55 Spital Street. This is quite a large, three storied building on the corner of the entrance to St James Place. It was used as offices by Bailey & Goff, Solicitors between 1935 and 2005. It has recently been refurbished and is still used as offices.
The access road to St James Place with the Royal Oak Inn on the left and 55 Spital Street on the right (2021)
Martha died in 1878 aged 96 and was buried in East Hill Cemetery. In the 1881 census, Richard Sanham (65, a timber and slate merchant) was living at 55 Spital Street with his unmarried sisters Rosetta (51) and Eliza (49). I believe that Rosetta was actually 57 and Eliza was 55.
Rosetta Sanham died in 1891. Richard died (unmarried) in 1895 aged 79 in Dartford. Both were buried in the family tomb in East Hill Cemetery. It is the largest tomb in the cemetery and is on the right as you head north along the main path from the cemetery gate. It is engraved as follows:
West side
Sacred / to the memory of / JANE / the beloved wife of / WILLIAM
M[ACRORIE] Esq / of London and daughter of the / late Mr SANHAM of this parish
/ died September 12th 1859 / aged 40 years / four illegible lines
/ ELIZABETH / daughter of the late / Mr JAMES SANHAM / who died May 28th
1877 / aged 54 years / Jesus said weep not / MARTHA MARY SANHAM / wife of Mr
JAMES SANHAM / of this parish / who died March 2nd 1878, aged 96
years / “The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken / away; blessed be the name of
the Lord”
North side
In / affectionate remembrance / of / MARTHA ROSE SANHAM / wife of JAMES
MANDY / of Woolwich / who died May 22nd 1880 / in the 31st
year of her age / “Thy will be done” / Also / LEONARD / infant son of JAMES and
MARTHA R.S. MANDY / died the 15th of July 1880, / aged 4 months /
interred at Assington, Suffolk. / “Of such is the kingdom of God”
South side
In affectionate remembrance / of / ROSETTA SANHAM / daughter of the
late / JAMES SANHAM / who died April 6th 1891 / in her 60th
year / For ….. ….. his beloved / …. ….. …… / In affectionate remembrance / of /
RICHARD SANHAM / younger son of the late / JAMES SANHAM / who died Dec 17th
1895 / aged 79 years / At rest with his creator / The memory of the just / is
blessed.
East side
In / affectionate remembrance / of / ELIZA SANHAM, /
youngest daughter of the late / JAMES SANHAM / who died Feb 20th
1902 / aged 76 years. / “Though lost to sight to memory dear.”
The Sanham family tomb in East Hill Cemetery (2011)
The Dartford Express, reporting Richard’s death said
“He was a good example
of the vigorous and industrious tradesman. Originally a carpenter and
undertaker, he paid strict and undivided attention to his business and rose
steadily and of latter years was known as a successful builder.”
“It was but a year or
so ago since he retired from his business, having amassed by then what, for men
of his class of life, would be termed a considerable personalty (ie personal estate). He is said to have been of a generous
nature, doing good by stealth to such an extent that numbers will miss him
severely this Christmas.”
“Up to a year ago he
had been a member of the old Local Board (the town council of Dartford) for between 30 and 40 years, and if not one of the most useful
members, he was certainly one of the most conspicuous, and his name figured
frequently with Mr J Cann in the discussions of that body.”
“He was too, a most
popular member, always securing an easy return and not infrequently heading the
poll. He was certainly not an ardent progressivist and not altogether
disciplined to be captious (fond
of raising objections), but he was
undoubtedly a valuable member of the Board, took an active interest in parish
matters, and his opinions carried much weight, being based on practical
experience. He was a thoroughly independent and outspoken representative, on
which account he attained great popularity in the constituency, especially
amongst the working classes, being considered the champion of their interests.”
“Brusque in his manner
and secluded in his habits, Mr Sanham’s kindly nature was not generally
understood.”
Sanham memorial in Holy Trinity Church, Dartford.
Probate records state that Richard Sanham’s will was revoked in 1909, but give no reason.
Philip Taylor © 2021 Email : PhilT42LQS@Yahoo.co.uk
References
1. Gravestone inscriptions for Dartford burial ground are recorded in The History and Antiquities of Dartford by Alfred Dunkin, 1844.
2. Crime and Poverty
in Dartford by Peter W Boreham, Alison Arthur and Geoff H Porteus, 1995,
page 13.
3. Calculated with respect to average earnings using the
website “Measuring Worth” www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/
4. Death duty record at National
Archives, Kew - folio 721 in IR 26/8400.
Albert Cosson was born on January 13th 1841 in Chertsey, Surrey. He was the third of six children (four boys and two girls) born to James and Ann Cosson. The family are shown in the 1851 census living in Guildford St, Chertsey. There was James Cosson, aged 41, a carrier, his wife Ann (46) and their children William (14), Albert (10), James (7), Eliza Ann (3) and Amy (1). All were born in Chertsey apart from Ann who was born in Isleworth. Albert’s father James died in 1853 aged 43, when Albert was 12.
By
1861, Albert had left home and was learning to be a butcher. The census that
year shows him in Twickenham as a butcher’s servant, aged 20 in the household
of John M Stedwell, a master butcher.
In 1866, Albert married Isabella King at a church in Holborn, London. He was 25 and she was 21, born in Eydon, Northamptonshire. An 1867 directory of Dartford shows him running a butcher’s shop in Spital Street, Dartford. The 1871 census shows Albert, aged 30, a butcher living at 18 Spital Street with his wife Isabella (26), daughter Helen Isabel (4), George Smewins (25, a butcher’s shopman) and Eleanor Bonner (15, a general domestic servant).
Albert used to play cricket for Dartford on the Brent1 – “whilst not a dashing bat, (he) served the occasional useful position as a stone-waller”. He had a “robust, athletic figure”3.
An
Act of Parliament was passed in 1870 which required School Boards to be
appointed to provide and supervise elementary education. The members were
elected every three years and were empowered to levy a rate.2 The
Board supervised the construction of schools in St Albans Road (which opened in
1876), Heath Street (1877), West Hill (1891) and York Road (1901). Albert was a
trustee of the Wesleyan (Methodist) church and was one of the managers of the
school in Kent Rd that they operated (it opened in 1868). In 1889 Albert wrote the following letter
which was published in the Bexleyheath and Bexley Observer (dated 1 June 1889)
:
To The Electors
Ladies
and Gentlemen
At the request of several friends
and townsmen, I have consented to become a candidate for a seat on your School
Board. If elected my study will be to secure the utmost efficiency in our Schools,
at the same time guarding the expenditure as far as consistent with real
economy.
The favour of your influence and
vote will be much esteemed
I
am, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Yours
faithfully,
ALBERT
COSSON
May 23rd 1889
Albert
was elected and later became Chairman of Dartford Schools Board. According to
his obituary1
..without
possessing brilliant gifts, by his sound common sense and assiduous attention
to the mastery of details, proved himself a valuable coadjutor in the
administration of School Board affairs. His loss will be deeply deplored by his
colleagues, with whom he always maintained a most amicable relationship, and
whose appreciation was naturally elicited by his sedulous devotion to the
duties of his office.
By 1880, Albert had moved to premises at 35 Lowfield Street. He was living there in 1881 when the census lists him as aged 40, a butcher employing one man and one boy. Also at the address were his wife Isabella (36), daughters Helen Isabel (14) and Frances Lottie (9) plus his widowed mother-in-law Hannah King (65, an annuitant). The same people were living at this address in 1891, when Helen’s occupation is given as book keeper. The building was occupied by the New Crystal Kebab House in 2011, next to The Two Brewers pub. 35 Lowfield Street is now (December 2020) the Lowfield Grill (selling kebabs, pizzas and burgers). The pub next door is closed and boarded up.
Helen Cosson (Albert’s eldest daughter) married Richard John Arthur Penaluna in 1891. They had two sons, Albert John (b1892) and Arthur Bruce (b1894). Richard (known as John) was a schoolmaster at West Hill School.
In
1901, the household at 35 Lowfield Street consisted of Albert (60, a butcher),
Isabella (56) and Frances (29, a book keeper). Albert had a severe attack of
influenza that year which “impaired his
constitution”3. He died in 1903 aged 62 and was buried in East
Hill Cemetery. His grave is in the west central section of the cemetery, next
to the site of the non-conformist mortuary chapel (now demolished) and in an
area where other Wesleyans are buried. The inscription reads
In loving / memory
of / ALBERT COSSON / born January 13th 1841, / died March 17th 1903. /
Victorious through Christ / Erected by his fellow townsmen in / recognition of
his long public service / for the good of Dartford, especially / in the cause
of elementary education / Also / ISABELLA / wife of ALBERT COSSON / born June
23rd 1844 / died Jan 22nd 1923 / At rest / And FRANCES LOTTIE COSSON / born
29th September 1871 / died 28th December 1949 / I have kept the faith
The grave of Albert Cosson (in East Hill Cemetery)
An obituary1 read "By all classes our departed townsman was held in good esteem, and the sympathy of the community generally will attend his widow and family in the irreparable loss of a devoted husband and kind and indulgent parent."
Probate on Albert’s estate was granted to his widow Isabella Cosson. The value was £435, equivalent to about £190,000 now4.
The 1921 census shows Isabella Cosson, aged 77, living at 14 Queens Road, Buckhurst Hill, which was the address of her daughter Frances (49), who was a stationer and bookseller. Isabella's other daughter Helen (54) was living at 22 Dartford Road, Dartford with her husband Richard Penaluna (54, head master of West Hill School, Dartford) and son Albert (29, a surveyor).
References
1. Death of Mr Albert Cosson in newspaper
(not Dartford Chronicle) clipping dated 21st March 1903 in Dartford
Library Local Studies Collection.
2. Dartford Historical Notes by S K Keyes
(1933) p596.
3.
Death of Mr A Cosson, Dartford
Chronicle, 24th March 1903.
4.
Calculated with respect to average earnings using the website “Measuring Worth”
www.measuringworth.com/ukcompare/
